Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably. The cancerous cells can invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue, including organs.
Cancer sometimes begins in one part of the body before spreading to other areas. This process is known as metastasis.
According to WHO, Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths, or one in six deaths, in 2018. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach and liver cancer are the most common types of cancer in men, while breast, colorectal, lung, cervical and thyroid cancer are the most common among women.
The cancer burden continues to grow globally, exerting tremendous physical, emotional and financial strain on individuals, families, communities and health systems. Many health systems in low- and middle-income countries are least prepared to manage this burden, and large numbers of cancer patients globally do not have access to timely quality diagnosis and treatment. In countries where health systems are strong, survival rates of many types of cancers are improving thanks to accessible early detection, quality treatment and survivorship care.
Different Types of Cancer
Cancer can affect any part of the body, but each type of cancer is classified according to the type of tissue in which it originates. The four major types of cancer include sarcoma, leukaemia, lymphoma and carcinoma.
Sarcomas – Sarcomas originate in connective tissue such as muscle or fat (known as soft tissue sarcomas), or in bone and cartilage.
Leukaemia – Leukaemia is a cancer of the blood cells, originating in the bone marrow (where blood cells are made).
Lymphomas – Lymphomas are cancers of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system filters bodily fluids and fights infection.
Carcinomas – Most cancers are carcinomas, which arise in the body’s epithelial tissue. Carcinomas commonly affect organs or glands such as the lungs, colon, bladder, breast or prostate. Most cancers are carcinomas
Preventions Tips
Between 30% and 50% of cancer deaths could be prevented by modifying or avoiding key risk factors and implementing existing evidence-based prevention strategies. The cancer burden can also be reduced through early detection of cancer and management of patients who develop cancer. Prevention also offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the control of cancer.
"Go for regular health check and take good care of yourself as Living healthy proves your spiritual responsibility and that you are indeed care-takers of God's house, your body! – Joy King GCCMI
Cancers vary in many ways, such as their speed of growth, the likelihood of metastasis, the symptoms that are experienced, and the treatments available. Depending on the type of cancer, treatment may be recommended in the form of surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Modifying or avoiding the following key risk factors can help prevent cancer:
Avoid tobacco use, including cigarettes and smokeless tobacco
Maintain a healthy weight
Eat a healthy diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables
Exercise regularly
Limit alcohol use
Practice safe sex
Get vaccinated against hepatitis b and human papillomavirus (hpv)
Reduce exposure to ultraviolet radiation
Prevent unnecessary ionizing radiation exposure (e.g. Minimize occupational exposure, ensure safe and appropriate medical use of radiation in diagnosis and treatment)
Avoid urban air pollution and indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels
Get regular medical care
Some chronic infections are also risk factors for cancer. People in low- and middle-income countries are more likely to develop cancer through chronic infections.
Management Tips
Cancer is more likely to respond to effective treatment when identified early, resulting in a greater probability of surviving as well as less morbidity and less expensive treatment.
There are two distinct strategies that promote early detection:
Early diagnosis identifies symptomatic cancer cases at the earliest possible stage
Screening aims to identify individuals with abnormalities suggestive of a specific cancer or pre-cancer who have not developed any symptoms and refer them promptly for diagnosis and treatment
Treatment options include surgery, cancer medicines and/or radiotherapy, administered alone or in combination. A multidisciplinary team of cancer professionals recommends the best possible treatment plan based on tumour type, cancer stage, clinical and other factors. The choice of treatment should be informed by patients’ preferences and consider the capacity of the health system.
Palliative care, which focuses on improving the quality of life of patients and their families, is an essential component of cancer care. Survivorship care includes a detailed plan for monitoring cancer recurrence and detection of new cancers, assessing and managing long-term effects associated with cancer and/or its treatment, and services to ensure that cancer survivor needs are met.
Don’t Forget to do the following;
Take care of yourself. Go for Check-ups ( routine check), Practise the Prevention tips listed above.
If you have diagnosed, remember your body is the temple of God and God can heal you. Read the Management tips above, I pray God will heal you in a miraculous way.
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Reference: WHO, NHS, WebMD, IOWA etc.
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